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This document does not apply to summary hearings. For more information about summary hearings, please see the HRTO Practice Direction on Summary Hearing Requests.
This document provides general information about hearings before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO). The procedure outlined in this document is for information only. It is not a rule within the meaning of the HRTO Rules of Procedure. The HRTO may vary the approach to hearings where appropriate.
The HRTO is committed to a process that is:
The HRTO's approach to hearings is flexible considering the above factors. The overriding objective is always a fair and timely process, and an outcome based on the facts, the law, and the merits of the application.
The HRTO will send the parties a Notice of the hearing telling them the date and time of their hearing. The parties must prepare their case and meet their obligations to share documents and witness lists with the other parties and the HRTO. This helps to ensure a fair and expeditious process in which participants can prepare for the hearing and are not taken by surprise. Parties who do not share and file documents and witness lists as required by the HRTO's Rules of Procedure may be prevented from relying on the documents or witnesses at the hearing. The specific requirements for the exchange of documents and witness lists, and filing with the HRTO, are set out in the HRTO's Rules of Procedure and are also explained in the Notice of hearing sent to the parties.
Closer to the hearing date, an HRTO adjudicator (decision-maker) will review the documents and witness lists in the file and may issue a Case Assessment Direction to assist the parties to get ready for the hearing.
A Case Assessment Direction may deal with matters such as:
The parties must always be prepared to address any issues identified in the Case Assessment Direction at the hearing.
A hearing before the HRTO is a legal proceeding, and the parties are expected to attend prepared to present their case through evidence (witnesses and documents) and legal arguments.
The adjudicator plays an active role in the hearing process with the goal of ensuring the fair, just and expeditious determination of the merits of an Application. The procedure used in each hearing may vary depending on the nature of the case, the issues in dispute, and the parties involved. The HRTO Rules of Procedure allow the adjudicator to adopt nontraditional methods of adjudication in order to best focus on the issues in dispute and reach a decision about whether the Ontario Human Rights Code (the "Code") has been violated. For example, the adjudicator may, through consultation with the parties, make determinations about what the main issues are, what facts appear to be undisputed and may structure how the hearing takes place including the order in which witnesses will testify. The parties will always be able to make submissions before a determination on procedure is made.
An adjudicator also has the power to question witnesses, parties or representatives, receive testimony not taken under oath, limit the evidence or submissions on any issue or limit a party from presenting multiple witnesses to testify about the same facts in issue.
At the same time, however, the adjudicator is a neutral decision-maker and cannot take responsibility for identifying and leading evidence. It is up to each party to bring forward evidence to support their respective position.
After a hearing, the adjudicator will consider all the evidence and submissions in reaching a decision. Once the decision is made, a copy of the decision with reasons will be sent to the parties. The adjudicator may dismiss the Application after finding there was no violation of the Code or may find a violation of the Code and decide on an appropriate remedy.
HRTO decisions are published on the Canadian Legal Information Institute website.